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White papers
In-depth white papers on water hygiene, water treatment and operation, for operators, engineering, planning and procurement. Read online or download as PDF.
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Water hygiene Legionella in Drinking Water From a positive result to a defensible remediation strategy This report links assessment of findings, understanding of the installation, root-cause analysis, protective action and verification of effectiveness into a traceable decision process. Contents: Legionella in Drinking Water · Remediation starts with understanding the system · What matters when the action value is reached · Legionella risk seldom has a single cause -
Cooling water hygiene Managing Cooling Tower Hygiene Operator duties, monitoring and measurement-led water hygiene under the 42. BImSchV (German ordinance on evaporative cooling systems) Control hygiene. Document operation. Keep risks manageable. Contents: Managing Cooling Tower Hygiene · The operator's task behind a stable cooling-water circuit · Data that support hygienically stable operation · Treatment, dosing and monitoring as one workflow -
Aviation water safety Drinking Water Hygiene in Aviation Secure supply chains and operational preparation for EU 2025/20 Water safety must be protected at every handover, from the supply point to the aircraft tank. Contents: Drinking Water Hygiene in Aviation · Water safety is renewed at every handover · Control the hygiene of vehicles, hoses and couplings · Sampling answers questions when the plan reflects the chain -
Food and beverage Optimising CIP Processes Assessing water, chemicals, time and hygiene risk together Efficiency is defensible only when the required hygienic result is maintained and demonstrated. Contents: Optimising CIP Processes · Efficiency depends on a proven hygienic result · The largest cost may not be on the chemical invoice · Recovery needs clear use and rejection limits -
System planning Manufacturer-Independent Water Treatment From plant audit to a resilient overall system Technology should follow the required function, not define it in advance. Contents: Manufacturer-Independent Water Treatment · Technology follows the function · Compare functions before brand names · Measurements must support an operating decision -
Operating strategy Operator Models for Water Treatment Purchase, rent, lease or outsource operation: decide on performance, responsibility and life cycle together The suitable model connects the required water performance with a manageable allocation of interfaces and risks. Contents: Operator Models for Water Treatment · Ownership does not determine performance · Flexibility requires contractual room for change · Plan the last day as carefully as the first
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Practical guides and articles on single questions of regulation and operation.
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